The Heroine Who Waits Anxiously for Her Absent Lover (Utka Nayaka)

The Sanskrit term nayika is typically translated as heroine, but more precisely a nayika is an idealized woman associated with various aspects of love, embodying a wide range of emotional and psychological states. Numerous literary works composed in India since at least the first century describe and categorize different types of nayikas.This utka nayika stands in glowing orange and gold in the night, waiting for her lover to arrive. Her demeanor is quiet and resolved. Her gesture indicates wonder, possibly that the clouds may be passing, and the moon may emerge to brighten the scene. She may also be astonished at her own perseverance and how she no longer feels the fear and agitation of the darkness and the solitude.

Gum tempera and gold on paper

Overview

Creator : 

Anonymous

Collection : 

Cleveland Museum of Art

Date :

1750–55

Rights :

CC0

Copyright-free

You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.

Creative Commons

You can :

remix /  adapt this work even for commercial purposes, as long as you :

  • give appropriate credit and
  • license new creations under the identical terms.


Creative Commons

You can remix, adapt, and build upon this work, even commercially, as long as you:

  • credit the original creation. 


Creative Commons

Explore More